Learning how to use a compass (and a map) is something all hikers need to know.

Even the most seasoned hikers have experienced a trail that narrows down to nothing, or becomes covered in snow, or was washed out by last years flood, or gets difficult to see due to smoke. Or maybe that’s just me? Ha ha.

But seriously, if you ever feel like you are walking in circles or have lost your original trail and you have no cell reception, so google maps and AllTrails are a no go, then you’ll need a good old fashioned compass.

Theres a good chance you will not have a topography map with you, so you will need to at least have an idea of where two known landmarks like a lake or a specific mountain afre found.

Using a compass effectively without a map can be challenging but is possible with some of these basic techniques:

Understand General Directions: Familiarize yourself with the cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west. This knowledge helps you maintain a general sense of direction.

Orient the Compass: Hold the compass flat in your palm, ensuring the direction of travel arrow points straight ahead. Rotate your body until the magnetic needle aligns with the orienting arrow.

Choose a Direction: Decide on a general direction you want to travel. For example, if you know you need to head north, ensure the north end of the needle aligns with the "N" or red end of the compass housing.

Navigate by Bearing: If you have a specific bearing in mind (e.g., 30 degrees east), rotate the compass housing until the desired bearing aligns with the direction of travel arrow.

Maintain Heading: Keep the needle aligned with the orienting arrow as you move. This ensures you're consistently heading in the right direction.

Reference Landmarks: Look for prominent landmarks in the distance that align with your chosen direction. This can help you maintain your course even without a map.

Use Natural Signs: Pay attention to natural signs such as the position of the sun (if visible) or the direction of prevailing winds. These can provide additional cues for navigation.

Check Periodically: Periodically check your compass to ensure you're still heading in the right direction, especially if you encounter obstacles or terrain features that may have diverted your path.

Practice: Practice using your compass in various environments to build confidence and proficiency in navigation without relying on a map.